Rejuvenate and Restore Health with Maqui Berry

Maqui berry (aristotelia chilensis) also known as the Chilean Wineberry, is a dark purple berry which is native to the Patagonia region of Chile. Patagonia is considered to be one of the cleanest, best preserved and most fertile natural sanctuaries on Earth. The evergreen shrub is native to Chile, but it also grows in the Patagonia region of Argentina.

The healing properties of the maqui berries were well known to the Mapuche Indians who harvested them for centuries. The Indians also used the leaves and stems of the shrub to cure many different ailments. The warriors of the tribe were famous for their energy and endurance. Their legendary stamina was ascribed to the consumption of these powerful, almost magical, small berries which only recently became known to health conscious communities in Europe and North America.

New studies appear almost every month as the scientists are trying to decipher the healing properties of this healthy fruit.

What the scientists discovered in their laboratories, exceeded any expectations. Like any other berries, maqui berries are rich in antioxidants. The measured total ORAC* value is 27,600 per 100g which is higher than that of any known fruit or vegetable. The berries are not only rich in antioxidants, but are also a great source of Vitamins A and C, potassium, calcium and iron.

Health benefits of maqui berries:

• Promote healthy weight loss
• Help detoxify the body 
• Improve circulation
• Boost strength and increase endurance
• Increase energy levels
• Strengthen immune system
• Prevent degenerative disease and support healthy aging
• Neutralize free radicals
• Reduce inflammation in the body
• Protect LDL from oxidation
• Inhibit protein glycation in the body
• Strengthen bones and joints
• Clear skin conditions and help protect against sun damage

Clinical studies demonstrated that maqui berries speed up metabolism and can be effectively used to lose unwanted pounds. The berries also help remove any toxins and chemicals that accumulated over time in the body. Detoxification and improved elimination contribute to better health and support any weight loss diet.

Maqui berries contain delphinidin, a powerful antioxidant that shows powerful anticancer activity.  Its tumor destroying potential has yet to be tested in human studies.

The Chilean berries are powerful rejuvenation agents. As we age we are not only exposed to an increased oxidation, but also to inflammation and protein glycation. Maqui berries help reduce the inflammatory processes in the body and are used with great success by those who suffer from painful joint inflammation. The berries also help fight free radicals and stop oxidation of LDL thus preventing cancer and heart disease. They also help remove AGEs or advanced glycation* end-products. They support liver function and improve blood circulation.

The suggested daily dose is 500 mg twice daily and can be obtained in form of capsules or juice. As with any other superfood it is important to remember that supplementation cannot replace healthy nutrition and exercise.

By Dominique Allmon

Glosary:

*ORAC or Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity score is a chemical analysis that measures the antioxidant levels of food and other chemical substances. High ORAC value means that the food is high in antioxidants. The antioxidant’s strength is its ability to eliminate oxygen free radicals. The higher the score the better the ability to protect the cells from oxidative damage and to fight and prevent diseases such as heart disease or cancer. Oxygen free radicals are chemicals that are formed naturally within our bodies through the process of oxidation. Natural bodily functions such as breathing and digestion as well as our physical activities produce oxygen free radicals. Daily exposure to polluted air, processed foods and oxidizing radiation from the sun and electrical appliances also produce oxygen reactive species. The ORAC value of 27,600 was measured by the Brunswick Laboratories.

*Glycation is a reaction that takes place within the body when simple sugar molecules such as fructose or glucose become attached to proteins or lipids without the moderation of an enzyme. This results in the formation of rogue molecules known as advanced glycation endproducts or AGEs. Glycation disrupts the  normal metabolic pathways and advances the circulation of AGEs, which in turn promote certain health risks and speeds up aging.

*This information is for educational purpose only. It is not meant to diagnose or cure a disease. Please, consult your health care provider before commencing supplementation.


Rejuvenate and Restore Health with Maqui Berry by Dominique Allmon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.

Alcohol and the Brain

"While the history of alcohol use dates back thousands of years, the chemistry of alcohol metabolism - what actually takes place in the body when we imbibe - is only now becoming clear. Indeed, our understanding of alcohol’s toxic effects is still evolving. We know, for example, that the liver is uniquely susceptible to injury from alcohol, as it is the organ primarily responsible for metabolizing toxins entering the bloodstream. While evidence suggests that drinking in moderation may confer modest cardiovascular benefits, make no mistake - generally speaking, alcohol is toxic to living cells." Dale Kiefer in a publication called "A Little Known Fact: Alcohol is a Carcinogen"

To drink or not to drink?

Information about alcohol and its impact on brain health and health in general, can be confusing at times. In many publications we read that people who drink two drinks a day are healthier, live longer, and have lower risk of Alzheimer's and cardiovascular disease than heavy drinkers or those who do not drink at all. Other findings present evidence that any amount of alcohol is detrimental to brain health. Alcohol affects many parts of the brain. It has adverse effect on the brain tissue and it also depresses the central nervous system. What are we to make out of such conflicting reports?

The effects of alcohol are quite obvious after just a few drinks, although men seem to tolerate higher amounts of alcohol than women. Blurred vision, distorted speech, slower reaction time, impaired memory function, and distorted motor function, are the most immediate and noticeable effects of alcohol on the brain and the amount of alcohol that causes such impairments is rather minimal. Some people do not even need to drink much to reach the state of complete inebriation.

Alcohol and brain physiology

Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, is the alcohol that is commonly consumed in alcoholic drinks. Once ingested, alcohol is not digested like other foods or drinks. It is calculated that about 20 percent of ingested alcohol bypass the digestive system and enter the bloodstream directly through the stomach wall. The remaining 80 percent is absorbed through the wall of the small intestine. The brain needs a constant supply of blood and is quite vulnerable to the effects of ethanol. Within minutes of alcohol consumption, the brain receives blood that is infused with alcohol. Alcohol interferes with communication between neurons by interacting with the receptors on some cells. Alcohol suppresses excitatory nerve pathway activity, increasing at the same time the inhibitory nerve pathway activity. This enhances the activity of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and diminishes the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamine. As a consequence, a person under the influence of alcohol experiences sluggishness. Moreover, acetaldehyde which is a toxic by-product of alcohol metabolism, can cross the blood-brain barrier and cause irritation of brain membranes. This not only leads to headaches and hangover, but also increases the risk of developing a cancer.

Excessive drinking increases the exposure to acetaldehyd. This can cause brain fog, memory lapses, mood swings, irritability, and loss of motivation. But probably the most damaging effect of alcohol in the brain is caused by the free radicals produced during the metabolism of alcohol. Free radicals destroy cell membranes in a process called lipid peroxidation and precipitate the aging of the brain. Research demonstrated that the concentrations of creatine and choline in the brain diminish with the increasing levels of alcohol. Creatine protects the brain cells and choline is a building component of cell membranes. Diminished amounts of these compounds in the brain leave this organ vulnerable to damage. Autopsies show that people who abused alcohol had smaller and more shrunken brains than abstinent adults of the same age and gender.

In order to function properly, the brain needs a steady supply of glucose. In July 2009 researchers found out that even relatively small amounts of alcohol cause changes in the sugar that is being delivered to the brain. The brain's activity diminishes as it begins to run on the sugar derived from alcohol instead of the glucose that it normally uses.

Research also shows that alcohol does not destroy the entire brain cells, but damages dendrites which are responsible for the delivery of the incoming information to the brain. In moderate drinkers this damage is temporary. The dendrites grow back, but the brain cell structure is altered permanently. After a period of abstinence, the brain cells seem to regenerate even in the brains of alcoholics. However, scientist are still trying to figure out the impact of these altered structures on the brain function.

Alcohol and cognition

The American Journal of Epidemiology announced in 2005 that some observational studies suggested improved cognitive function and reduced risk of cognitive decline and dementia in moderate drinkers. But research also shows that heavy alcohol consumption impairs the cognitive function. People who abuse alcohol have impaired memory and diminished reasoning ability. Although less dramatically, the cognitive function is also affected in people who consider themselves to be social drinkers. Tests demonstrated some deficits in cognitive performance that could be correlated to the amount of alcohol consumed. The findings, however, are inconsistent as there are other studies that show no correlation between alcohol consumption and the cognitive impairment. Researchers generally agree, though, that some cognitive impairment in alcoholics is reversible. Three factors may play a role here: abstinence from alcohol, better nutrition, and improved social interaction. However, the skills that require novel, complex, and rapid information processing take the longest time to recover.

Heavy, long-term abuse of alcohol is associated with the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in which deficiency of Vitamin B1 (thiamine) is responsible for a number of symptoms including confusion and dementia. Alcohol interferes with the active gastrointestinal transport of Thiamine. In addition, a chronic liver disease in heavy drinkers interferes with thiamine metabolism and the liver's capacity to store this vitamin. The chronic lack of Vitamin B1 impacts the memory centers in the brain. A person may suffer from memory loss or loses the ability to form new memories. Loss of muscle coordination, changes in vision, and hallucinations have been observed as well.

Alcohol and Alzheimer's Disease

As far as Alzheimer's disease is concerned, findings are inconclusive. While some researchers insist that alcohol consumption impairs cognition and causes damage to brain tissue, others demonstrated that moderate alcohol use actually lowered the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. It is possible that alcoholic dementia and Alzheimer's disease are caused by factors that are not yet understood. An ongoing research is being conducted and we may learn more about the Alzheimer's-alcohol connection in the near future.

Alcohol and stroke

The most recent studies demonstrated that alcohol consumption is related to the incidence of stroke. The higher the consumption of alcohol, the higher the risk of stroke. This is true for both, the ischemic (due to lack of glucose and oxygen supply to the brain) and the hemorrhagic (due to bleeding) types of stoke. However, research showed that moderate drinking may protect individuals against the ischemic stroke. There is also an evidence that women benefit more than man from the moderate alcohol consumption. Alcohol seems to inhibit coagulation and rise the HDL or high-density lipoprotein commonly known as the good cholesterol. Both factors are associated with lowered risk of ischemic stroke. However, the fact that alcohol inhibits coagulation and rises blood pressure may directly lead to the increased risk of the hemorrhagic stroke.

Alcohol and brain development

There is no safe dosage of alcohol for pregnant women. Women who drink alcohol during pregnancy increase the risk of miscarriage and still birth. They give births to smaller children with the so called Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Alcohol impedes the normal physical and mental development of a child. Children whose mothers drunk alcohol during pregnancy have a developmental delay and often show signs of mental retardation. The physical effects of alcohol may vary from infant to infant and depend on the amount of alcohol consumed during pregnancy, but all infants show abnormal brain and behavioral development. This fact must be seriously considered by all women who are pregnant or trying to conceive a child.

Conclusion

Alcohol affects every organ of the body and deprives the body of nutrients. The consequences are more severe in people who regularly abuse alcohol, but so called social drinkers experience noticeable changes in behavior and motor function even after moderate consumption of alcohol. All researchers agree that alcohol consumed in large quantities over a long period of time is detrimental to health in general and brain health in particular. However, researchers found out that even the brain of a former alcoholic has the capability to regenerate itself to a certain degree. The current theory is that people can only profit from small amounts of alcohol. Scientific medical research demonstrated that moderate alcohol consumption improves thinking, reasoning, and memory in aging adults. It is up to every individual to decide for or against the alcohol consumption. Active lifestyle and wholesome nutrition are vital independently from the choices made.

By Dominique Allmon

This information is for educational purpose only. It is not meant to diagnose or cure a disease.


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Health Benefits of L-Theanine

Calming effects of L-theanine

For many people stress and anxiety are the symptoms of their high-powered day to day existence. If not managed properly, chronic stress and anxiety may cause many disorders, including insomnia, heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, and cognitive impairment. There are many pharmaceutical drugs on the market that promise to bring peace of mind and relieve the symptoms of anxiety, but many people prefer to look for natural alternatives out of fear of side effects and possible addiction.

One of the most powerful natural antidotes to stress is L-theanine. L-theanine (gamma-ethylamino-L-glutamic acid) is a non-protein forming amino acid found almost exclusively in the green leaves of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis). The only other significant source in nature is the Boletus badius mushroom also known as Bay bolete. Among other active compounds, Bay bolete contains substantial amounts of L-theanine.

L-theanine was first isolated in Japan, where green tea is part of the culture since inception of Buddhism in the 6th century. Green tea was used traditionally by the Buddhist monks to keep them calm and awake during long hours of meditation. Researchers found out that caffeine ingested in green tea had a different effect on the mind and the body that had the same amount of caffeine from coffee. The excitatory effect of caffeine in green tea was offset by the calming action of a compound that was named theanine. L-theanine constitutes about 50 per cent of the dry protein weight of green tea.

L-theanine is a powerful stress and anxiety reliever. It effectively reduces both, mental and physical, stress. About 30-40 minutes after ingestion, it induces tranquility and a state of deep relaxation without causing any drowsiness or forming a chemical dependence. In fact, it helps to improve attention and concentration. L-theanine is one of the few known substances that easily cross the blood-brain barrier. It exerts subtle changes in the brain chemistry by altering the levels of serotonin, dopamine, and GABA (gamma-amino-butyric acid). L-theanine induces state of well-being and relaxation in four ways:

• it stimulates the production of alpha waves in the brain
• it increases the levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the brain
• it lowers the blood pressure
• reduces heart rate
  

Encephalographic measurements (EEG) show that L-theanine increases the brain activity within the alpha frequency band (8-13.9 Hz). The alpha state of the brain indicates relaxation, relaxed focus, and increased serotonin production. The slowest alpha waves are associated with the so called twilight state - a deep relaxation state that is usually experienced between sleep and waking. People who meditate begin to access the unconscious mind at this stage of relaxation.

The inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA is considered to be the brain's own tranquilizer. It helps to reduce the excess of stress hormone adrenalin and calm down. It also controls the levels of noradrenalin, dopamine, and serotonin in the brain. Insufficient levels of GABA are associated with anxiety, tension, depression, and insomnia. L-theanine increases the secretion of GABA thus helping the brain to calm itself.

L-theanine has been shown to reduce the blood pressure in individuals with elevated blood pressure. It did not, however, affect individuals with normal blood pressure which means that in only acts where there is lack of balance.

Other benefits of L-theanine

While L-theanine received the greatest attention as a natural anti-anxiety drug, it also has many other benefits as it restores chemical balance in the body:

• alleviates depression
• supports concentration and mental performance
• helps focus attention on critical tasks
• improves learning
• protects the body from stress damage caused by the hormone cortisol
• improves quality of sleep when taken 30 minutes before bed
• protects the brain from damage done by glutamate and caffeine
• supports the immune system by increasing the activity of T-cells
• assists in weight loss by promoting thermogenesis
• reduces levels of lipids in the blood
• lowers blood pressure in people with a high blood pressure
• relieves physical and mental symptoms of PMS
  
• protects the liver from damage caused by alcohol
• slows down the growth of certain tumors

L-theanine has remarkable cognitive effects. Research shows that L-theanine increases brainwave activity that is normally associated with attention and concentration. It helps to stay centered in spite of stress. Studies show that the substance has remarkable ability to minimize interference from distracting outside stimuli helping at the same time to focus attention. Subjects in the study were able to concentrate on important tasks without getting distracted.

While L-theanine is not a sedative, it significantly improves the quality of sleep and prolongs the duration of deep sleep. Taken about half an hour before bed time, it helps to unwind and fall to sleep. One wakes up rested and refreshed. L-theanine can safely be taken together with melatonin and 5-HTP to improve sleep patterns.

L-theanine appears to act as an antagonist to glutamate receptors and may be useful in treating depression. Stress and depression activate stress hormones known as glucocorticoids. These hormones disrupt brain chemistry and affect mood and memory. Glutamate seems to play a major role in the process. In depressed people glutamate levels in the brain are out of balance. Based on research, drugs that suppress glucocorticoids have been proposed as an effective treatment of depression. L-theanine blocks certain signals produced by glutamate and suppresses harmful effects of glucocorticoids helping to restore chemical balance in the brain.

Research shows that L-theanine may protect the brain from the damage caused by a stroke. It also helps to preserve brain functions such as blood flow in a stroke affected brain area. Moreover, L-theanine protects brain cells against the toxic damage caused by the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. After a stroke excess of glutamate in the space between the cell receptors is believed to cause the increased neuronal death. L-theanine appears to modulate this damage. Laboratory tests show that there was no damage in the brains where L-theanine was present before the stroke. These findings also bring hope to the Alzheimer's disease research, as the glutamate toxicity is associated with the neural damage that occurs in Alzheimer's disease. Together with other compounds found in tea, L-theanine counteracts the neuro-toxicity of the harmful beta-amyloid protein commonly found in the brains of Alzheimer's patients. It helps increase the activity of an enzyme that breaks dawn this protein.

L-theanine has been demonstrated to support overall cardiovascular health. It prevents lipid peroxidation of LDL (low-density lipoprotein). Peroxidation of lipids is believed to be one of the causes of atherosclerosis.

Japanese researchers have found that L-theanine minimizes the harmful effect of alcohol in the liver where alcohol is converted to extremely toxic chemical known as acetaldehyde. L-theanine seem to accelerate the digestion of acetaldehyde and to block the harmful free radicals. It increases the levels of glutathione that is normally depleted by the consumption of alcohol and restores the detoxifying capacity of the liver.

L-theanine may also find an application in complementary cancer therapies. It not only inhibits the growth of certain tumors, but also enhances the activity of pirarubicin, doxorubicin and adriamycin - drugs that are used in chemotherapy, reducing at the same time their destructive side-effects on healthy tissues of the patient. L-theanine seems to decrease the tumors ability to get rid of an anti-cancer drug. More studies have to be conducted, but the Japanese scientists T. Sugiyama and Y. Sadzuka are very optimistic.

L-theanine is a versatile natural supplement that helps to restore the balance in the mind and the body. It has no known side effects. It relaxes, restores mood, and rejuvenates. In Japan, where stress is ubiquitous and people even die from work related stress (karoshi death), L-theanine was approved as a food additive in 1964. There are many products on the market, but only products containing Suntheanine® are worth buying. Suntheanine® is enzymatically synthesized L-theanine of highest purity and efficacy. The suggested dose is 200-400 mg a day.

Although L-theanine is safe and has no known side-effects, please, consult your health care provider before beginning supplementation.

By Dominique Allmon

*This information is for educational purpose only. It is not meant to diagnose or cure a disease. Please, consult your health care provider before commencing supplementation.

Health Benefits of L-Theanine by Dominique Allmon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.

Health Benefits of Organic Germanium

The organic germanium compound can be regarded without exaggeration as an effective means of combating almost any disease. Nonetheless, for assuring its efficacy and the health of the body, the following two conditions have to be met. One is to keep a well balanced diet in order to maintain the acid alkali equilibrium of the body fluids. The other is to relieve stress to keep a stable mental state for maintaining the equilibrium of the autonomic nervous system. - Kazuhiko Asai, PhD

Germanium is a trace mineral that exhibits the properties of both, metals and non-metals. It was first discovered in a mine near Freiberg, Germany in 1885.

 Germanium atom

A German chemist, Clemens Alexander Winkler isolated a new element from the ore and named it germanium.  Germanium is a rather abundant element in the earth crust. It can be found in very high levels in the water of Lourdes, France, where people continue to travel to experience "miraculous" healing. Germanium rarely forms it's own deposits, but can be found in small quantities in the ores of lead, zinc and copper, for example. High concentrations were found in certain coal deposits. Most germanium for industrial use is obtained from zinc ores.

The germanium atom is structured in such a way that it accepts and transmits electrons, giving it a highly valued semiconductor capability. In its inorganic, metallic form, germanium has no therapeutic value whatsoever, but it is widely used in the electronics industry for transistors, fiber-optics, and other diverse applications. On the other hand, organic germanium effectively stimulates electrical impulses on a cellular level and plays an important role as an "oxygen catalyst" within the human body.

Germanium was found in fossilized plants as well as in some foods, certain mineral waters, and in healing plants and herbs. However, it took many decades of persistent research to identify and confirm the healing properties of this mineral.

Japanese researcher, Dr. Asai who dedicated more than thirty years to the investigation of germanium, found out that some plants and mineral waters that are well known for their therapeutic properties also contain relatively high concentrations of germanium. The list includes garlic, broccoli, celery, aloe vera, comfrey, chlorella algae, ginseng, watercress, pearl barley, and shiitake mushrooms. The content of germanium in these plants depends on the soil in which they were grown.

In 1967 Dr. Asai synthesized a new compound that received the name "organic germanium" or germanium-132 (bis-carboxyethyl germanium sesquioxide). Although this compound was created in the laboratory, it is called organic because it contains carbon atoms just like any other organic substance.

Unlike its non-organic counterpart which causes serious damage to kidneys, organic germanium is well known for its health benefits. 

The research shows that organic germanium

• stimulates immune system and activates body's own defense mechanisms
• normalizes many physiological imbalances including blood pressure and serum cholesterol
• fights free radicals
• helps detoxify the body 
• chelates heavy metals
• protects against radiation
• rejuvenates blood vessels 
• improves blood circulation
• improves vision
• relieves chronic pain and inflammation
• increases the flow of oxygen in the body
• improves skin conditions if applied topically as an ointment

Verified clinical research confirms both the safety and the efficacy of organic germanium.

Regular intake of organic germanium may alleviate many health concerns and slow the aging process. In Japan and in Russia organic germanium is used in alternative cancer therapies because of its ability to modify the body's biological response to tumors.

Most chronic diseases start quietly on a cellular level. Cellular injury affects the cell's ability to maintain a steady, normal, or adaptive homeostasis. Homeostasis is the ability to compensate for any changes caused by physical, emotional, or environmental stress. Homeostasis is the necessary condition for optimal health. Lack of sufficient oxygen supply to the cells is considered to be the primary cause of cellular injury. Cells die when they do not have sufficient oxygen supply. The only cells that thrive without cellular oxygen are the cancer cells.

"Cancer, above all other diseases, has countless secondary causes. But even for cancer, there is only one prime cause. Summarized in a few words, the prime cause of cancer is the replacement of the respiration of oxygen in normal body cells by the abnormal process of the cancer cell." - Otto Warburg

Since organic germanium is known to enhance the oxygen supply to the cells, it may be considered the supplement of choice in cancer prevention and in cancer therapy.

Researchers also confirmed that organic germanium increased production of the interferon in the body. Interferon is produced by the leukocytes in the presence of pathogens. This probably is the reason why germanium is so effective in fighting off viruses as well as the tumor cells. A study published in the Journal of Interferon Research* concluded that "Organic germanium restores the normal function of T-cells, B-lymphocytes, natural killer cell activity, and the numbers of antibody-forming cells. Organic germanium has unique physiological activities without any significant side effects."

Dosage

Suggested preventive daily dose of organic germanium is 100 mg. If needed the dose can be increased gradually to 1000mg per day. Dr. Asai administered a daily dose of 1000-2500 mg daily to seriously ill patients. Organic germanium is considered to be non-toxic and can be taken over a longer period of time. It is normally dispelled from the body via the digestive and the urinary tracts within twenty to thirty hours after ingestion.

It is important to remember, however, that organic germanium accelerates the detoxification processes and may cause Herxhaimer** reaction in sensitive individuals if taken in very high doses.

By Dominique Allmon

This information is for educational purpose only. It is not meant to diagnose or cure a disease. Please, consult a certified health care provider before commencing supplementation.

* Journal of Interferon Research Vol. 7, Issue 1. February 1987

**Herxheimer reaction or a healing crisis is an immune system reaction which occurs when the body is unable to quickly eliminate the large amount of toxins that are released during a detoxification program. The most common symptoms are headache, nausea, flue-like symptoms, and skin rush. These symptoms go away as soon as the daily dose is reduced and the body regains its detoxifying capacity.

Health Benefits of Organic Germanium by Dominique Allmon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.

How to Prevent Age-Related Memory Loss

How does aging affect memory loss? 

Our memories make us unique. They are stored in different parts of the brain. We talk about the short-term and long-term memory and the brain stores these information differently.

As we age, the blood supply to the brain decreases and with it, the ability to deliver the nutrients necessary to support cognition. Brain cells die systematically and the body produces less of the chemicals needed by the brain to function optimally. This process begins quite early in the life of an individual, usually in the mid-twenties and accelerates in the fifties and sixties. As we are getting older, these physical changes affect the way memories are stored and retrieved. Aging does not usually affect the short-term memory. We also do not forget ancient memories or the skills that we have learned and performed over a long time. We do not forget wisdom or the knowledge acquired from our life experience, and we do not forget how to learn new things, although it may take a bit longer to do so. We may, however, forget our appointments, or what we did or said just two days ago or last week. We may forget details of a conversation we had recently, or personal details of people we know. We may forget things we were supposed to do or buy, or misplace our belongings and forget where we put them.

For many people such memory lapses are considered to be the normal part of aging, but they do not have to be so. There are many ways to improve the memory, concentration, and learning skills. We do not have to resign ourselves to processes that can be reversed to a considerable degree. The brain is capable of producing new brain cells and new neural connections at any age. With a little nutritional help and self-discipline, one can improve his or her cognitive skills enhancing at the same time the overall quality of life.

There are many factors that play a role in the way our memories are formed and retrieved. Stress and malnutrition may affect our memories independently from the aging process. Hormonal imbalance, especially during the menopause, may also seriously affect memory of aging women. To a great degree these problems can be alleviated with nutrition, supplementation, and memory training therapy.

Stress management is very important as the stress hormone cortisol has the capacity to negatively impact memory. Scientists found out that cortisol shrinks the dendrites impairing the communication between neurons in the brain. Fortunately, when stress is under control and the levels of cortisol decline, dendrites regenerate and return to their optimal function. The importance of sleep cannot be underestimated. Sleep plays important role in memory consolidation. Insufficient sleep affects learning as well as some memory tasks.

Food for thought

Like every other cell in the body, brain cells need a steady supply of nutrients and oxygen. Our life styles can affect our cerebral function. We can either deprive our brains of vital nutrients, or deliver everything the brain needs in order to function properly. Various studies suggest that nutrition rich in vitamins and antioxidants may help preserve cognitive function and slow or even reverse memory decline. Certain foods are considered to be perfect memory boosters. They contain high amounts of memory enhancing nutrients:

• Walnuts are rich in the essential omega-3 fatty acids which are the absolutely necessary food for the brain. Insufficient amounts of omega-3 in the body are related to the diminished cognitive function.
• Cold water fish such as salmon, halibut, and mackerel is rich in the vital omega-3 essential fatty acids. Adding fish to our diets does not only prevent us from heart disease and stroke, but also considerably improves our mood and memory function.
• Blueberries contain anthocyanin, a compound that can boost the neurons activity by amplifying the signals that are necessary to activate processes responsible for the memory function.
• Red onions contain flavonoid fisetin which is known to stimulate the pathways responsible for the long-term memory. They also contain quercetin and anthocyanin, two compounds that are known to enhance memory.
• Apples are well known for their health improving qualities. They are also well researched memory boosters. Apples and apple juice prevent decline of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the brain.
• Grapes, especially the Concord variety and pure juice made of them were found in a recent study to support learning and memory function in adults with early memory loss symptoms. Persons who drunk the pure Concord juice demonstrated improved short-term memory retention and spatial, non-verbal memory. This effect was attributed to the high amount of antioxidants in Concord grapes.
• Cruciferous vegetables were shown in a recent Harvard study to improve our memory function. Vegetables such a broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage seem to slow dawn the age-related memory decline and improve the overall cognitive function.
• Leafy green vegetables such as Swiss chard, spinach, and kale, are rich in Vitamin B9 also known as folic acid or folate. Vitamin B9 helps reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease. It is necessary to break down the amino acid homocysteine which is toxic to the nerve cells. 

Memory protocol

There are many scientifically tested nutrients that can considerably improve memory and prevent memory decline. There are many products on the market containing memory boosting herbs and nutrients. Some of them deliver the combination of nutrients that act in synergy, others use a single herb. Depending on one's condition and the overall health, it may be necessary to supplement for a longer period of time in order to see considerable results. Below is the list of most important nutrients and herbs that can be used to improve memory and learning.

Nutrients:

• Posphatidyl choline (PC) is a precursor to acetylcholine in the brain. Acetylcholine is the key chemical for memory and its deficiency is considered to be the most common cause for deteriorating memory. Eating foods rich in PC, such as egg yolks and sardines, or supplementing with lecithin granules can considerably improve memory function and learning.
• Phosphatidyl serine (PS) is a phospholipid that is an essential part of cell membranes in the body. The highest concentration of PS are found in the brain where it is believed to play a role in preserving and improving cognitive function in aging adults. It is believed that PS plays a key role in the communication between cells. Studies suggest that people in their fifties may not be able to synthesize sufficient amounts of PS and may have to supplement in order to preserve their memory function. People with learning difficulties and age related memory impairment profit greatly from supplementation with PS.
• Quercetin is a flavonoid with strong antioxidant properties. Studies demonstrated that quercetin may be able to prevent age related memory impairment as well as the outbreak of Alzheimer's disease. Quercetin has the ability to inhibit the formation of amyloid beta protein. It can also destabilize the existing amyloid beta protein. Amyloid beta protein is the main constituent of the amyloid plaque in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease.
• DMAE is a precursor to choline that easily crosses the brain-blood barrier. It helps the brain to accelerate the production of acetylcholine that is indispensable for optimal memory function.
• CoQ10 is an enzyme that naturally occurs in the body. Its production diminishes with age. Studies demonstrated that CoQ 10 can considerably slow down, but does not actually cure, the progress of dementia in people affected by the Alzheimer's disease.
• Omega-3 are the essential fatty acids indispensable for the optimal memory function. Omega-3 helps curb inflammation in the brain that may be responsible for memory impairment and the Alzheimer's disease.
• Vitamin B12 is a nutrient found in meat, fish, and dairy products, especially yogurt. It is also manufactured by the bacteria in the human intestines. Vitamin B12 has many functions in the body. Among others, it is essential for the metabolism of the nerve cells and necessary for the optimal health of the entire nervous system. Studies demonstrated that vitamin B12 may prevent the age related brain volume loss in older people. Adequate blood levels of this nutrient may prevent age-related memory impairment.

Herbs:

• Ginko biloba has been used in Chinese Traditional Medicine for thousands of years to improve memory function and treat dementia. The herb improves micro circulation in the body and helps deliver oxygen and nutrients to the brain. Studies demonstrated that ginko biloba is safe and very effective in treating symptoms of mild dementia, but are rather inconclusive about its function in improving memory of healthy, young adults.
• Huperzine A is an extract of a plant Huperzia serrata or club moss. This herb has a long tradition in China and has been used to successfully enhance memory. Studies demonstrated that Huperzine A interferes with the enzyme acetylcholinesterase that is responsible for the break down of acetylcholine making acetylcholine available in the brain. Acetylcholine is involved in memory and learning and its shortage in the brain is one of the characteristics of Alzheimer's disease.
• Vinpocetine is an extract of Vinca minor or periwinkle. It has the ability to improve the blood flow and circulation. Like ginko biloba, it helps to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the brain. It also enhances the energy production in the brain cells. Studies demonstrated that vinpocetine supplements improve concentration, learning, and memory recall. 

Mental activity:

Aging brain needs stimulation! Studies demonstrated that people who know how to speak a foreign language may add as many as 40 years to their cognitive health! It does not matter whether they learned the language as children or much later in their lives. Although it may be more difficult to master a language in our 50s or 60s, it is never too late to give it a try.

Curiosity kills boredom. Activities such as reading, creative writing, or puzzle solving may help delay the age related memory loss, especially if they are performed daily.

Pathological changes in memory

There are, however, pathological changes in memory that are not the part of a normal aging process. A person may forget things that he or she was doing repeatedly over a longer period of time, or be unable to recall complex processes. There may be a difficulty in learning new things or difficulty making choices because the alternative solutions have been forgotten or do not appear at all in a person's mind. A person may forget things more often and has a difficulty to keep a track of what is going on. These and similar memory problems may indicate the onset of Alzheimer's disease and have to be taken seriously.

Although Alzheimer's disease affects aging individuals, it should not be considered as an inevitable consequence of aging. Not all aging people develop Alzheimer's disease. There are many elderly people who stay active and have rather good memories. Many writers and scientists, for instance, retain their ability to think clearly and creatively, to form new memories, and to remember the details they need for their work, until old age. Research demonstrated that healthy, well-nourished, intellectually active people show no signs of deteriorating memory. It must be understood that mental decline is not an inevitable sign of aging and can be reversed. We can boost memory and retain alertness at any age. Nutrition, physical exercise, and intellectual challenge are the vital elements of cognitive health.

By Dominique Allmon

*This information is for educational purpose only. It is not meant to diagnose or cure a disease.


How to Prevent Age-Related Memory Loss by Dominique Allmon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.

The Science of Desire or How to Enhance Libido Naturally

Sex, a great and mysterious motive force in human life, has indisputably been a subject of absorbing interest to mankind through the ages. - William J. Brennan, Jr.

No other aspect of human life seems to have preoccupied us more than sexuality. Sexuality was and still is subjected to social taboos and religious beliefs. And while the Victorians were famous for their prudish attitude to sex, Sigmund Freud elevated sexuality in its importance to the psychological development of every single individual. Countless works of art and literature celebrated human sexuality and science and medicine found sex to be a subject worth a serious research. And while it is clear that sex is a means to assure the continuation of our species, it definitely has a much deeper meaning for most of us. Even though our cultural norms and moral standards changed over the last 50 years, sex is still considered to be the most intimate way to express love in a relationship.

Sexual chemistry lesson

It is generally believed that intimacy is the best aphrodisiac for women, while novelty is what keeps men excited. Our emotions and attraction to our partner may stimulate our fantasies and sexual desire, but the whole process is controlled by our brains. As unromantic as this may sound, the brain is the central organ of our desire. The whole sexual act involves an intricate interplay between neurotransmitters and hormones in the brain and the vital body parts involved in the act. Unless there are enough building blocks in the body to produce these chemicals, not much will happen.

Neurotransmitters

Our sexual activity depends on several neurotransmitters. It is necessary to correct all nutritional deficiencies not only if you want to have a perfectly functioning brain, but also if your love life is important to you. Neurotransmitters involved in sexuality are:

• Dopamine stimulates desire and controls libido. Low levels of dopamine may lead to a low libido and loss of interest in sex.
• Acetylcholine stimulates arousal. People deficient in this neurotransmitter are often unable to get aroused.
  
• GABA - gamma aminobutyric acid, controls the ability to experience orgasm. People with low levels of this neurotransmitter have difficulties with their climax. They either are may not be able to experience orgasm or have great difficulty to experience one.
• Serotonin regulates mood and sexuality. People deficient in serotonin may experience decreased levels of intimacy and lack of sexual satisfaction.

As we age the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain diminish. However, imbalance in neurotransmitter production can easily be corrected with nutritional supplements. To restore proper levels of dopamine supplement with L-Tyrosine, L-Phenylalanine, Thiamine, Folic acid, Chromium, and Magnesium. Herbs such as Rhodiola rosea and Ginko biloba may also be useful. To enhance levels of acetylcholine take Choline, Phosphatidylserine, DMAE, Alpha lipoic acid, Acetal-l-carnitine, and Fish oil capsules. Deficiencies in GABA can be corrected with L-Taurine, L-Theanine, L-Glycine, GABA, Gabatropin, B Vitamins, and Inositol. To bring serotonin to optimal levels supplement with L-Tryptophan, 5-HTP, Magnesium, B Vitamins, and Omega-3.

Hormones

Hormones constitute the second group of chemicals involved in our sexuality. Throughout our lives hormone levels fluctuate constantly. Due to their biology, women are more affected by the hormonal changes than men. However, with progressing age, both, men and women, experience hormonal changes that impact their physical and emotional well being. Diminishing hormone levels can easily be restored with bio-identical hormone preparations that can be taken orally or in form of trans-dermal patches or creams. Specially designed blood tests measure the current hormone levels and establish the dose that is needed to correct deficiencies. Hormones involved in sexuality are:

• Estrogen - youthful levels of this hormone in women provide sufficient vaginal lubrication. However, excess of estrogen in the male or female body numbs the sexual desire.
• Progesterone - influence mood and the quality of sleep. It helps maintain high libido in women. Men may need it for their prostate health.
• Testosterone - important for both, men and women. It enhances libido considerably and boosts physical stamina. Men experiencing erectile dysfunction and women who have difficulty experiencing orgasm may profit from supplementation.
• DHEA - is a precursor to all the sex hormones in the body. It is produced by the adrenal glands and the body converts it to the hormones that it needs to maintain hormonal balance.

Additionally, melatonin and pregnenolone can be taken to improve overall sex function. Studies show that melatonin not only helps to improve the sleeping pattern and immunity, but it also enhances sexual performance as it prevents the age-related loss of testosterone. The hormone pregnenolone helps to regulate levels of the neurotransmitters serotonin and GABA thus contributing to a more satisfying sexual experience.

Libido enhancing nutrients

• One of the most important nutrients to consider is the essential amino acid L-Arginine. L-Arginine is a precursor to nitric oxide in the human body. Nitric oxide is not only responsible for the blood circulation in the body, but it also mediates the normal function of sexual organs in both, men and women. L-Arginine improves the blood flow to the penis and ensures better and longer erections. The increased blood flow also makes the vaginal and clitoral tissue more sensitive to stimulation and ensures greater satisfaction.
• Zinc is a mineral essential for the production of testosterone in the body. It is involved in the production of semen and a healthy sperm count. Low levels of zinc affect male reproductive capacity.

Herbal aphrodisiacs for him

• Maca - plant native to Peru and Bolivia is known for its libido enhancing qualities. It helps to increase the testosterone levels in the body.
• Muira puama native to Brazil is well known sexual stimulant and aphrodisiac
• Epidmedium, better known as Horny goat weed, supports healthy libido. The plant is known to stimulate the production of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine in the brain.
• Rhodiola rosea is an adaptogen helping to improve mental and physical performance. It helps reduce stress and promotes the production of dopamine and serotonin in the brain.
• Cordyceps is believed to support healthy testosterone levels
• Yohimbe is a well known aphrodisiac. It increases the blood flow to the pelvic area.
  
• Fo ti is a plant native to China. It is used to heal erectile dysfunction.
• Saw palmetto promotes strength and has the ability to restore libido and protect the prostate gland.

Herbal aphrodisiacs for her

• Damiana leaf stimulates sexual desire. It also has the ability to increase the sensitivity in the clitoris thus enhancing the experience of pleasure.
• Ashwagandha is an adaptogen promoting overall stamina and health
• Maca is known to balance hormones, increase physical and mental well being and stamina. It promotes healthy libido and relieves vaginal dryness.
• Muira puama increases libido and stimulates the production of testosterone.
• Black cohosh helps to balance hormone levels in the body
  
• Ginko biloba has a remarkable effect on a female body. It not only improves the micro-circulation in the body, but it also increases sexual desire. Ginko biloba affects the norepinephrine receptors in the brain and helps maintain blood circulation to the genital area.
• Sarsaparilla contains steroidal saparins that are believed to simulate the action of some human hormones. Among others, the herb promotes production of testosterone and progesterone in the body.
• Puncture vine also known as Tribulus has a long traditions as a sexual stimulant for both, men and women. It has the ability support healthy hormone balance in the body and to increase the production of DHEA, testosterone, estrogen. 

Superfoods for super sex

There are many foods that have almost legendary reputation as aphrodisiacs. Great lovers like Casanova, took great care to include libido enhancing foods and spices in their menu. Research shows that some of the "folklore" has a foundation in science - some foods are rich in nutrients that are necessary for a healthy sexual function. Foods to try are: oysters, caviar, seafood, eggs, dark chocolate, asparagus, avocado, celery, ginger, nutmeg, cardamon, and basil.

Balanced nutrition is necessary to maintain overall health and physical fitness. Make sure that you are receiving all the necessary nutrients your body needs in order to stay healthy. Loose weight if you need to, drink enough water, and exercise regularly. Keep in mind that nicotine and alcohol may interfere with your sex life. Partners in a happy relationship deserve to enjoy intimacy and to express their love through sexuality. However, aging, hormonal changes, disease, psychological tension, and stress may interfere with, or diminish, our sexual desire. Personal beliefs about sex, attitudes, and daily routine may provide an alibi for an unsatisfying sexual experience or lack of it, but often frustration experienced over a long period of time may lead to more profound problems. Sexual dysfunction and low libido can be corrected nutritionally and with the help of hormones. Do not let your aging body deprive you of sexual pleasure.

By Dominique Allmon

*This information is for educational purposes only. It is not meant to treat or diagnose a disease. Please, consult a certified health care provider before beginning self-medication at home.

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The Science of Desire or How to Enhance Libido Naturally by Dominique Allmon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.

How to Nourish Your Brain

Food for Thought or How to Use Nutrients for Cognitive Health

As we age our bodily functions deteriorate. We might not be as flexible as we have been in our forties or fifties. Our brain is aging, as well. And while wisdom is generally attributed to old age, it is old age that often brings the undesirable loss of mental acuity and in worst cases, dementia.

The deterioration of the brain may seem inevitable to some people, yet we can slow it and prevent it with proper nutrition and supplementation. Human brain is a very complex organ and it has nutritional needs that have to be met on daily basis if we want to stay mentally fit until old age. Moreover, our brain needs challenge and exercise in order not to atrophy.

Some foods have the capability to boost the cognitive function. They deliver nutrients to the brain, help produce neurotransmitters and increase the oxygen flow to the brain. Consuming them daily will help you stay mentally fit and agile till old age.

Here are the best nutrients for brain support:

• complex carbohydrates
• healthy fats
• phospholipids
• amino acids
• vitamins and minerals

Complex carbohydrates

Glucose delivers energy and is the most important nutrient for the brain and the nervous system. The brain consumes more glucose than any other organ in the body and needs a steady flow of it. It is vital to avoid insulin "spikes" and to keep the blood sugar at stable level. Avoid any form of sugar (saccharose) and all foods containing added sugar. Eat whole grains, fresh fruit, and vegetables to maintain optimal blood sugar levels and to secure a steady supply of glucose to the brain. Although fruits contain the simple sugar fructose, fructose is not immediately released into the blood stream as it has to be converted into glucose by the body. Moreover, fresh fruits contain fiber which slows dawn the release of sugar into the blood stream. While choosing your nutrition, watch for foods with low glycemic index (GI) and remember that combining carbohydrates with protein helps prevent insulin from spiking.

Fats

Our brain mass is about 60 per cent fat and it is absolutely necessary to feed our brains with the right fats if we want to maintain optimal brain function. Fats facilitate the circulation of neurotransmitters in the brain. Diet containing very little or no fat at all is detrimental to the brain and our mental health. The brain's fat tissue needs to be replenished constantly, and while saturated and monounsaturated fat, as well as cholesterol are synthesized by the body, essential fatty acids such as omega-3 and omega-6, must be delivered through our diet. Our diet should include saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats. However, fat should comprise no more than 20 per cent of our daily caloric intake. Hydrogenated fat should be avoided and the consumption of saturated fat reduced in favor of the mono- and polyunsaturated fats. The polyunsaturated omega-3 (especially EPA and DHA) and omega-6 (GLA and AA in particular), should comprise one third of the total fat consumption. Avoid fried and processed foods and reduce the consumption of saturated fat from meat and diary. Instead, eat plenty of seeds and nuts and cold water fish such as salmon, herring, mackerel. Include cold pressed oils such as olive or hemp oil and supplement with high quality, hexane free omega-3 and omega-6 capsules.

Phospholipids

Our brain could not function without the phospholipids phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine (PS). Phospholipids are the building blocks of all cell membranes. They constitute the myelin sheath of nerve cells and facilitate the communication between the brain cells. The body can make its own phospholipids, but we should also include foods such as eggs, butter milk, and organ meats in our diet.

It has to be mentioned that choline is a precursor to acetylcholine - the memory neurotransmitter. Posphatidylserine, the memory molecule par excellence, is needed to maintain the structural integrity of brain cells. It promotes memory and boosts the brain power. Supplementation with lecithin granules and a good PS formula will help you improve your memory and stop the decline of the brain. Studies have demonstrated that PS taken together with DHA is even more effective.

Amino acids 

Amino acids are the building components of neurotransmitters which the brain uses for the communication between cells. There are hundreds of different neurotransmitters circulating in the brain and in the body, but the most important for the mind/brain function are:

• adrenalin
• noradrenalin
• dopamine
• GABA
• serotonin
• acetylcholine

Our mood, memory, and concentration depend on the levels of these neurotransmitters and therefore, our nutrition must provide all the amino acids which body uses to produce neurotransmitters. Enrich your diet with high quality protein sources such as cold water fish, turkey, chicken, nuts, seeds, pulses, and eggs. Supplementing with essential amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine ) will help deliver everything your body needs to produce sufficient amount of neurotransmitters.

Vitamins and minerals

Vitamins and minerals are the important catalysts in all processes that include the production of neurotransmitters or the conversion of glucose into energy for the brain. Without them the brain could not function properly. The most important for the brain function and development are:

• vitamins of the B group, especially B1, B3, B5, B12, and the folic acid
• vitamin C
• calcium
• magnesium
• manganese
• zinc

Research shows that nutrition deficient in vitamins and minerals results in diminished IQ. Consume fresh fruit and vegetables daily. Eat nuts, seeds, pulses, mushrooms, and whole grains. If necessary, supplement with a high quality multivitamin and mineral supplement.

Antioxidants

Like every other cell in the body, brain cells are subject to oxidative damage. Your diet should include foods rich in antioxidants such as dark leafy vegetables, carrots, sweet potatoes, beets, berries, cherries, prunes, seeds and nuts. Avoid nicotine and stimulants, and reduce alcohol consumption. Limit the consumption of fried and processed foods, foods containing artificial sweeteners, colorants, and preservatives. Eliminate sugar from your diet. If necessary, supplement with a high quality antioxidant formula containing among others high levels of:

• Vitamin C
• Vitamin E
• CoQ 10
• Selenium
• Proanthocyanidin
• Alpha Lipoic Acid
• Beta Carotene

Herbs

Some plants and herbs have been identified as effective brain modulators enhancing cognitive health, improving memory and overall brain function:

• Bacopa monnieri
• Eleuthero root
• Ginko biloba
• Gotu kola
• Huperzia serrata, the source of Huperzine A
• Periwinkle plant Vinca minor, the source of Vinpocetine
• Rhodiola rosea

These plants contain active agents that are known to promote blood circulation to the brain, relaxation and resistance to stress.

Huperzine A is an alcaloid which inhibits acetylcholinesterase - enzyme that breaks dawn the acetylcholine which is, among others, important for the memory function in the brain.

Vinpocetine helps to improve concentration and memory by enhancing cerebral metabolic function.

Ginko biloba enhances the blood circulation to the brain.

Gotu kola is known to improve memory. This herb has the capacity to relax the nervous system while stimulating the brain at the same time. This double action results in enhanced concentration.

Rhodiola Rosea has the enormous potential to enhance brain function and mood. It helps to reduce stress which normally interferes with memory function. The herb is known to enhance cognitive function and learning ability. It also increases the resistance to physical and emotional stress and may help protect the brain and the nervous system from oxidative damage caused by free radicals. 

Reishi mushrooms, also known as ganoderma or the mushrooms of longevity, act in the brain as a powerful anti-oxidant. The mycelium in various supplements has the capacity to reduce inflammation in the brain. According to recent studies, it helps to protect the brain from the damage done by Alzheimer's disease. 

Brain fitness

Like any other body part, brain needs exercise and challenge. Mental activities such as learning a new language, learning to play an instrument, solving puzzles, or reading, all promote the growth of new synapses and activate vast areas of the brain that otherwise remain "idle". Physical activity and exercise promote blood circulation to the brain and help to improve memory and concentration.

Conclusion

Your lifestyle may help you maintain your cognitive function and even improve your intelligence, or on the contrary, diminish it. Old age dementia, but also Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases are probably the most feared, but so are brain tumors. Human brain is a very complex organ. Healthy nutrition, mental stimulation, physical activity, socialization, stress control and relaxation, are the vital elements of a brain-supportive life style. Keeping this in mind and following few simple rules, will help us to retain mental agility until old age.

By Dominique Allmon 

This information is for educational purpose only. It is not meant to diagnose or cure a disease. Please, consult your health care provider before commencing supplementation.


Nourish Your Brain by Dominique Allmon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.

Resveratrol - The Longevity Molecule

What is resveratrol

Resveratrol, also called the longevity molecule, is a polyphenol found in certain red grapes, red wine, and few other plants. It is well researched for its antioxidant capability and the ability to inhibit inflammation in the body. In plants, resveratrol acts as a defensive molecule, so called phytoalexin - a natural antibiotic that plants produce as a reaction to pathogenic infection, nutrient deprivation, and mechanical stress. Resveratrol is considered to have similar protective and life prolonging qualities in the human organism as well.

Resveratrol is found in abundance in red grapes, especially the skins of the pinot noir variety, raspberries, mulberries, blueberries and bilberries. Substantial amounts are found in peanuts, certain pine trees, and in the roots and stalks of the Japanese knotweed plant known in the Traditional Chinese Medicine as Hu Zhang (Polygonum cuspidatum). Most resveratrol used in nutritional supplements is commercially derived from this plant, although there are some products on the market that contain resveratrol from red grapes (Vitis vinifera) as well.

Resveratrol - the longevity molecule

After observing a surprisingly low rates of heart disease among the red wine drinking French population whose diet is rather high in saturated fat, scientists discovered a molecule that was responsible for the phenomenon. They called it resveratrol. Subsequent research demonstrated that resveratrol has a unique ability to mimic the gene expression effects of caloric restriction. Gerontologists consider caloric restriction to be the only way to maximally extend the life span. However, the long term calorie restriction program is not very easy or very practical to follow and most people do not just want to live longer, but also wish to enjoy life in its entirety, which, of course, includes the joys of good cuisine. Resveratrol, however, may offer a solution. The molecule not only mimics caloric restriction, but it also increases the caloric expenditure and improves the insulin sensitivity thus contributing to optimal body weight - another important co-relate of longevity.

Scientists also concluded that resveratrol which activates sirtuin protein in the body, may be helpful in prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders that are related to mitochondrial dysfunction thus giving hope to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's patients. More research has to be conducted in this field before an effective drug could be patented.

Resveratrol was also found to support the health of the endothelial tissue that is lining the blood vessels in the human body. This is a very important find as the scientists believe that atherosclerosis begins with the inflammatory damage in this tissue. The resveratrol molecule also seems to decrease the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein or LDL thus further promoting the cardiovascular health.

Research also demonstrated that resveratrol has the remarkable ability to inhibit the growth of many cancers. On the one hand, the resveratrol molecule blocks the activity of the NF-kß - a protein responsible for initiating the inflammatory process in cancer genesis. On the other, it speeds up the apoptosis or death of cancer cells. Scientists also observed that people who drunk red wine regularly were less susceptible to certain cancers. Red wine drinkers, for instance, were less likely to develop colorectal cancer.

Why trans-resveratrol

Resveratrol is a very unstable molecule that degrades quickly under the influence of light, heat, and oxygen. It degrades to its cis-resveratrol form which is less effective. Many resveratrol products on the market are not delivering what they promise. They contain resveratrol glycosides, or resveratrol bound to sugar. They are ineffective, unless they contain the stabilized resveratrol molecule called trans-resveratrol.

Trans-resveratrol in supplements is almost identical with the resveratrol used in laboratory testing and as such contains enough antioxidant power to activate the SIRT1 protein. Before buying your resveratrol supplement make sure that it contains trans-resveratrol that was encapsulated in environmentally sealed nitrogen capsules.

A next generation of resveratrol supplements appeared on the market recently. The capsules contain micronized trans-resveratrol and promise even higher bio-availability and effectiveness.

Products containing both, trans-resveratrol from red grapes and the grape seed extract, are considered to be the most effective.

Dosage - when less is more

There is no established dose of resveratrol. Relatively small doses of trans-resveratrol are sufficient to induce the life prolonging effect. Trans-resveratrol in large doses has the adverse effect. It sends a death-signal to the cells and causes cell apoptosis, or self destruction of cells. This fact is being explored in anti-cancer therapy. Research has demonstrated that extremely high doses of trans-resveratrol shrunk tumors in laboratory animals. However, when resveratrol is used as a nutritional supplement for prevention of disease, healthy adults should not take more than 100 mg of trans-resveratrol daily.

Keep in mind that higher doses may have unwanted side effects that call for caution. In laboratory setting high doses of resveratrol inhibit liver enzyme P450 which is involved in metabolism of some common medications. This means that resveratrol can theoretically increase the bio-availability of certain drugs. Individuals using statin drugs, benzodiazepins, calcium-channel blockers, or medication to treat erectile dysfunction, should not exceed the recommended dose of 100 mg per day. People using anticoagulant or anti-platelet drugs should not take more than 100 mg resveratrol per day as the molecule has the ability to inhibit platelet aggregation in humans.

Drug companies are currently seeking to patent a resveratrol resembling molecule in order to produce pharmaceutical drugs that could treat and prevent diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, or Alzheimer's disease. Until such drugs appear on the market, consumers can indulge in red grapes and an occasional glass of a pinot noir. Next best thing are the trans-resveratrol capsules containing resvertrol in its most bio-available form.

By Dominique Allmon


*This information is for educational purpose only. It is not meant to diagnose or cure a disease. Please, consult qualified health care provider before beginning supplementation. Nutritional supplements do not replace a healthy diet.


Resveratrol - The Longevity Molecule by Dominique Allmon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.